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It is well known the maxim mens sana in corpore sano (a sound mind in a healthy body), which suggests a positive nexus between sports and educational outcomes. However, this nexus has been empirically studied mostly in the USA, where the results are mixed, even suggesting that participation in sports may negatively influence educational outcomes. Objective: This article empirically studies the relationship between sport activities at school and out-of-school and educational achievements of school students from 1st to 11th grade in Moscow and Saint Petersburg, Russia. Methods: This was a longitudinal observational study, that used data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, annual observations covering the period 2010-2015 and 1529 observations were examined. Associations were examined using ordered probit regressions with panel data. Results: Sport activities at school do not have statistically significant links with school grades. Conversely, sport activities out-of-school are positively associated with educational achievements. Specifically, in the case of boys, participation in ball sports increases their probabilities of having obtained higher school grades. For girls, participation in other sports out-or-hours school increases those probabilities. However, spending more than 10 hours on sports reduces those likelihoods. Conclusion: Parents and teachers should encourage the participation of their children in sport activities; this will benefit their educational outcomes. However, the practice of sports at school is irrelevant, indicating that policy makers should restore the quality of physical education classes.

Association of Practice of Sports in and out-of-school with Scholar Performance - Evidence from Moscow and Saint Petersburg: a Longitudinal Study