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Plant extracts have drawn attention in recent years as potential control agents for a number of plant pests, and hold promise to replace environmentally damaging synthetic agricultural chemicals. For instance, root exudates of the bead tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss., also known as the neem tree) inhibit hatching and are lethal to second stage juveniles (J2s) of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood in vitro (Adegbite and Adesiyan, 2005). Moreover, it is clear that many plant extracts also have significant nematicidal activity (Adegbite and Adesiyan, 2005; Martin and Magunacelaya, 2005; Qamar et al., 2005; Usman and Siddiqui, 2011). Okinawa has a subtropical climate that supports a large number of indigenous plants, including more than 1,000 species of medicinal herbs that have traditionally been used to treat human diseases or to maintain and improve health (Yoshikawa, 2002). Taba et al. (2008a) examined plant extracts from approximately 30 Okinawan wild plant species for nematicidal action on the J2s of M. incognita. From these studies, an aqueous extract from Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Scherff. was identified as having high nematicidal activity, including immobilization, hatching inhibition, repellence and lethality. Moreover, the plant extracts had high immobilization activities against several plant parasitic nematodes, such as M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood, M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood, Pratylenchus coffeae (Zimmermann) Filipjev and Schuurmans Stekhoven and Heterodera glycines Ichinohe (Taba et al., 2012). Taba et al. (2008b, 2010) also reported that drenching different types of soils with an aqueous extract of the plant controlled the nematode, whereas the effect of the extract on host plants and other soil microorganisms is negligible. In addition, high immobilization activity was observed in the plants collected at different seasons, locations, growth stage and growing on several soil types (Taba et al., 2012). In this research, several treatment methods were evaluated for control of M. incognita using extracts and tissues of B. pilosa var. radiata.

nihon senchū gakkaishi/nihon senchu gakkaishi

Efficacy of several control methods on the southern root-knot nematode, &lt;i&gt;Meloidogyne incognita&lt;/i&gt;, using &lt;i&gt;Bidens pilosa&lt;/i&gt; L. var. &lt;i&gt;radiata&lt;/i&gt; Scherff.