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Passive sampling techniques have been used as biomimetic extraction methods to measure the bioavailability and toxicity of organic contaminants in sediment. The advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used passive samplers including semi-permeable membrane device, polyethylene device, polyoxymethylene and solid-phase microextraction are reported. The challenges of using passive samplers in sediment risk assessment are discussed, and the possible solutions and future studies are also proposed.

Advances in using passive sampling techniques to measure bioavailability and toxicity of organic contaminants in sediment