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The feasibility of removing sulfur from real light gas oil using inorganic liquids (NaOH, Ca(OH)2 and HCl) at various concentrations assisted with ultrasonication was investigated in a continuous flow setup. Experimental results showed that at the optimum operating time (40 min), 68% of sulfur was removed under mild conditions using 10 wt. % NaOH. Ultrasonication not only facilitated sulfur removal but also improved gas oil properties by decreasing density and viscosity by 1.40 and 4.42%, respectively, while the cetane number (CN) was increased by 7.0%. Solute selectivity (S) depending on sulfur mole fraction (xS) was correlated using StatPlus 6.7.1.0 software and the following values have been obtained: S = 53.869e–2.552xS, and S = 29.573 – 41.878xs for mixtures of 10% Ca(OH)2 + S-compound + oil, and 10% NaOH + S-compound + oil, respectively. The correlation coefficients (R2) for the above equations were 0.9813 and 0.9611, respectively. An empirical correlation related to sulfur removal as a function of processing time and solvent concentration was found with R2 = 0.956. The results of the present work confirmed the feasibility of employing the hybrid method of ultrasonication with using alkaline liquids for sulfur removal.

Study on ultrasound assisted desulfurization of light gas oil using inorganic liquid