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Studies on physiology, biology and ecology of a plant species are very important for understanding its management practices and possible usages. Rhizomatous weeds are the most difficult to control due to their vegetative reproduction by underground propagules. Rhizomes or/and tubers of a plant species remain dormant in different soil layers for several years, which is one of the factors for surviving of the species. Torpedograss (Panicum repens L.), a rhizomatous perennial plant, grows in tropical and subtropical regions (lat 35 S to 43 N) around the world. It is a severe weed in various crop fields, orchards and golf courses, which reduces plant-yield up to 80%. No crop fields and golf courses in Ryukyu island (Okinawa, Japan) are free from torpedograss infestation, specially sugarcane, the main crop in Okinawa covering 50% of cultivable lands, is severely infested with this weed. No comprehensive control strategy of torpedograss has yet been established in the world. This paper presents physiological and ecological characteristics, and control strategies of torpedograss in sugarcane field and turf in Ryukyu island. In addition, possible usages of torpedograss have been discussed based on biological and ecological aspects of this plant.

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Studies on physiological and ecological characteristics, and control of torpedograss (Panicum repens L.) in crop field and turf in Ryukyu island, Japan