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-Bioassay-guided studies were carried out using several common agronomic crop and weed species under laboratory conditions to evaluate the allelopathic performance of the bark and seed of Tamarindus indica L. Materials and Methods-The bark was collected from a 10-year-old tamarind tree grown in a greenhouse of the Tsukuba Botanical Garden, Japan. Mature seeds of tamarind fruits were used for crude-extracts. Pot-culture experiment was carried out using vermiculite. A total of 13 plant species were used as test species (see Figure 1). Results and Discussion-The bark of tamarind tree caused a strong growth inhibition in both radicle and hypocotyl of the species tested as demonstrated by a sandwich method. The crude-water soluble extracts of bark at different concentrations (1%, 5% and 10%) (w/v) exhibited a strong growth inhibition. The magnitude of inhibition in weed species was higher than those of agronomic crop species. The growth all the weed species was strongly inhibited (17.6-56.9%), while the agronomic crop species showed both inhibited (5.5-21.7%) and stimulated (5.1-27.6%) growth due to the effect of crude-water soluble exudates of tamarind seed. Lettuce (22.9-27.6%) followed by radish (20.2-25.4%) and sesame (5.1-8.1%) among the agronomic crop tested species showed stimulatory growth with the crude water-soluble exudates of seed. In the pot culture experiments using 4 agronomic crop (lettuce, radish, tomato and cucumber) and 2 weed (barnyard grass and white clover) species, spraying of crude water-soluble extracts of tamarind seed-coat at 3-different concentrations (1%, 5% and 10%) (w/v) showed that the growth of lettuce and radish was stimulated, whine all other species tested showed growth inhibition. When the spraying of crude extracts of seed-coat was turned off, the growth of both lettuce and radish continued to stimulate and all other previously inhibited species recovered well (78.1-82.6%). However, further increased growth was occurred in lettuce and radish, and reduction in other 4 species tested was observed again the onset of spraying of crude extracts of seed-coat. These results clearly demonstrated the differential allelopathic effects (inhibitory and stimulatory) of bark and seed of tamarind tree in the species tested, suggesting that these two organs contain certain biologically active true growth regulator(s) and are either additively or synergistically involved in the plant-specific expression, particularly by the seed-coat. Parvez et al. 2004. Plant Growth Regulation. 42(3): 245-252.

Allelopathic activity of bark and seed of Tamarindus indica L.