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Herbicidal formulations used in paddy fields in Japan have historically been mainly granules and f lowable. Granules are usually applied by hand or with a granule applicator in the amount of 30kg/ha. Many attempts have been made at labor saving in herbicide application, for example, the amount of formulation applied has been reduced by increasing the content of active ingredient in granules13). Herbicide application amount in Japan is based on an area of 10a; therefore, granules applied at 10kg/ha are called '1kg granules' in this study. This type of granule can be conveniently applied from a levee with a power granule applicator which saves labor. Granules applied at 30kg/ha are referred to here as '3kg granules'. The number of 1kg granules in a unit area on the surface of a paddy field is naturally smaller than that of 3kg granules. Decrease in the number affects herbicidal efficacy6). It is important that the active ingredient be diffused uniformly for reliable control. The dispersion of several diphenylether herbicides1,17) and pyrazolate14) affects herbicidal efficacy. Formulation type3,4) and physical properties5) are also important for herbicidal efficacy. We tried to produce granules of naproanilide [2-(2-naphthyloxy) propionanilide] to be applied at an amount of 1kg/10a. Because the herbicidal properties of naproanilide were well studied, we selected this compound as a test compound for a formulation trial. The water solubility of naproanilide is 0.74ppm at 27C, which is not enough for effective diffusion in water when formulated into 1kg granules by the usual recipe. This compound is similar to diphenylether herbicides in respect to low water solubility17). Naproanilide is hydrolyzed to NOP, its active form, by soil bacteria and by several plants9,12). Pyrazolate15) is also hydrolyzed to a destosylpyrazolate, DTP, in paddy water which is the active form. Both herbicides have a common chemical property in the sense that they are hydrolyzed in water to produce the active form. Thus, the herbicidal efficacy of naproanilide granules changes according to its formulation type as shown in diphenylether herbicides1,17) and pyrazolate16). We reported that herbicidal efficacy of naproanilide 1kg granules2) was the same as that of 3kg granules. That was attributed to high release of the active ingredient in the 1kg granules. The purpose of this study is to prove that * Life Science Laboratory, Mitsui Chemicals, INC.

Diffusion of Naproanilide in Water from High Release Granules and Their Herbicidal Efficacy.