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Waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) is a perennial, free-floating aquatic weed. Within a hundred years the plant has spread from its home base in South America to at least fifty countries around the globe. It is particularly abundant in the basins of the Amazon, Nile and Congo rivers, and infests large areas in India, Burma, Sri Lanka, Japan, Australia, South-east Asia, the United States, Sudan and many other warm regions of the world4,5). Economic losses caused by this weed result from transpirative water losses, blockage of drainage canals, interference with navigation, prevention of fishing and other recreational activities and lowering of real-estate values. Much attention has been centered on the control of waterhyacinth by chemical methods. However, the use of herbicides to control such an aquatic weed has always been regarded with suspicion because of the possibilities of danger to man, livestock, irrigated crops, wildlife and aquatic organisms. In addition to possible direct toxicity, indirect hazards may result from the decomposition of plant material. The herbicide 2, 4-D is one of the most widely recommended chemicals against waterhyacinth all over the world. However, PETTET9) suggests that its large scale application in Sudan provides favourable conditions for seed germination and seedling development through decaying vegetation along the banks of the White Nile. The decaying process after herbicide application leads to decomposition of plant material which, in turn, is supposed to affect water quality in the waterhyacinth habitat. In spite of the fact that there is a vast amount of information available on the characteristics of aquatic plants and their potential to alter water quality, little quantitative research has been done concerning the effect of decayed plants on the physico-chemical properties of water. The purpose of this work is to present analyses of several of the physico-chemical parameters of ecological interest in water after application of 2, 4-D dimethylamine and ametryne on waterhyacinth.

Water Quality as Affected by Waterhyacinth Decomposition after 2, 4-D and Ametryne Application