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The analysis of the aspects linked with de job exchanges for graduates, including the territorial disparities of the job supply and demand, requires a theoretical approach of various issues, such as: the particular nature of "goods" that has the work/labour (McConnell, Brue, MacPherson 2003), the role of the political, economic, institutional and educational systems for the succes of the active labour market policy (De Gunter, O'Reilly, Schoman 1996), the complex relationships (quantitative, structural, geographical position) between the job supply and demand, between the different types of organization of labour market (Holm, Lorenz, Lundvall, Valeyre 2008), the importance od employability, with many economic, social and psychological benefits attached to it (Cherry, Rodgers 2000, McConnell, Brue, MacPherson 2003), etc.The job exchanges for graduates represent a way for the increasing the employability, a concept defined as the relative capacity of an individual to achieve meaningful employment, given the interaction between personal characteristics and the labour market, because this type of job-exchange intends to built successful model for the transition of the graduates into employment, which implies bringing together, in a coherent framework, all of the elements affecting employability: education, training, counselling, prior learning and skill assessment, labour market information, hiring and separation practice, work organization, equity, human resources planning and employer-employee relations. In the exchange process between supply and demand, it is critical to examine these components of the labour market and the characteristics of the matching process itself because the creation of jobs in a modern society are almost independent processes (Ranney, Betancur 1992, Kalleberg, Sorensen 1979). Job exchange aims to facilitate the job/worker mismatches, through which are lead to reduced input flows in unemployment, negative job attitude, and low job satisfaction. Potential discrepancies exist in this exchange. The first is a discrepancy between the skills possessed and the skills required, the second failure is the immobility of workers among occupations and places and the third, there are problems in information flows and possibly even in comprehending that information (De Ron, Deller, Marcouiller, 2004); information on the location of jobs and the skills, required must be widely available to members of the labour force (Ranncy, Betancur 1992, Schaeffer 1985, 1987). It is necessary to consider not only factors that affect the supply side of the labour market (such as access to education and training opportunities), but also the demand side (what employers have to offer) and the interplay between supply and demand that is mediated in part by the exchange of labour market information (Brisbois, Orton, Saunders 2008). The results of a job-exchange for graduates should be a measure of the effectiveness of the national, county and local agencies for employment, in fact a measures of the instittional effectiveness in labour marcket field. Political economy variables, such as left party power (Korpi 1983, 1991, Shalev 1983), unemployment rates, labour force participation rates and other variables may have a strong impact on the effectiveness of active labour market policy. In same time, those variables should be controlled to measure the impact of institutional context (Janoski 1990, 1994).Recent work on systems of innovation (Amable 2003, Hall, Soskice 2001, Lorenz, Lundvall 2006, Whitley 2006, quoted by Holm, J., Lorenz, Lundvall, Valeyre 2008) has argued that there are systematic relations between the structure of labour markets and systems of social protection on the one hand, and the dynamics of knowledge accumulation and learning at the work place on the other. Active labour market policies, including expenditures on continuous vocational education and other forms of lifelong- learning, contribute to the flexibility of labour markets by supporting the continuous reconfiguration of the workforce's skills and competences (Holm, Lorenz, Lundvall, Valeyre 2008). …

THE JOB EXCHANGES FOR GRADUATES IN ROMANIA – THE ASSESSMENT OF THE TERRITORIAL DISPARITIES