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Over the last year, governmental responses to the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis have generated significant attention and deliberation in terms of public services, the experience and lessons learnt from various restrictions, and ideas for approaching possible future pandemics. Indeed, the question of how to mitigate for what is likely the now endemic nature of COVID-19, and the subsequent health implications this brings, is increasingly prevalent among both political and civic discourse. One of the main conclusions reached by many is that although initial approaches to managing the COVID-19 crisis focused on primary health measures, there are clearly significant economic implications in the short and long term that must be considered. Whilst various lockdown measures necessitated improved public engagement, understanding, and compliancy in order to successfully, if perhaps temporarily, mitigate excess mortality in comparison to taking no action, significant differences of view now exist on how best to manage the crisis. This is partially explained given we are likely following an incremental process of moving from epidemic to endemic. Because of this, alongside the latest data on low seroprevalence levels [1] and the emerging understanding of antibody reduction post-infection [2], a greater focus on individual choices and health behaviours needs to be relocated within this emerging context. In truth, whilst initial efforts to combat COVID-19 necessarily involved a focus on emergency response, economic and social considerations seem to be gradually switching the focus to ongoing management of the disease. Much of the rationale for this management quite justifiably focuses on avoiding systemic overburden and potential collapse within health systems through various interventions (i.e. social distancing, hygiene, and regional or national lockdowns), so that the Infection Fatality Rate (IFR) can be lowered through a combination of available Intensive Care Units (ICU) and, over time, both better treatments and the development of a successful vaccine.

COVID-19 and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS) as Immunosuppresors: Is it Time to Revisit Government Policy and Governance Arrangements on AAS?