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Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is an important tropical and subtropical fruit tree in Southeast Asia and China. We investigated flower type, morphology, and development, pollen morphology, and pollen vigor of a popular Chinese cultivar ‘Honghezi’. Results showed that the cultivar developed three types of flower, i.e. two types of male flowers (M1 and M2) and female flower (F). The stamens of M2 were longer than that of M1 and F. The rudimentary pistil of M2 was longer than that of M1. Flowers in the terminal inflorescences opened in three waves in time, and the M1 and M2 flowers did not let to seed-setting. The pollen grains of the three types of longan flowers were trizonocolporate, and the size of a viable hydrated pollen grain ranged from 20.18 (± 1.94) to 27.40 (± 1.44) μm. An in vitro evaluation of pollen vigor was used for pollen grains of M1 flower. Medium sucrose concentrations and temperatures significantly affected pollen germination and pollen tube growth in vitro, and the optimized conditions were the medium containing 15% sucrose and incubated at 25 °C for 12 hrs. The flower developmental timing and the underdeveloped and rudimentary structures in relation to pollen vigor and seed-setting, point to an evolutionary significance, which together with the pollen vigor techniques are useful for molecular analysis and breeding of this specialty crop.

Flower Types, Pollen Morphology, and In Vitro Pollen Germination of Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.)