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Early life stress (ELS) impairs the development of hypothalamic?pituitary?adrenal axis in both humans and experimental animals, causing elevation in glucocorticoids? levels and increased sensitivity to stress, which contributes to pathological anatomical and functional changes in the number of structures of the central nervous system in adulthood. These alternations raise susceptibility to psychophysiological disorders, including addiction and depression, both linked to the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic pathway, originating in the ventral tegmental area and playing a crucial role in motivated behaviour. The current review focuses on the impact of ELS on this circuit, especially on the potential underlying neuronal mechanisms. A wide range of methods and animal models used to study ELS, as well as basic information concerning the composition and functioning of the pathway in a motivational context are also described.

Jak trudne warunki dorastania wpływają na funkcjonowanie ośrodków mózgowia kontrolujących motywację