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In this paper, I investigate Classical Chinese (5thc BC-3rdc AD), viz. the written form of Old Chinese ranging from the end of the Spring and Autumn era (770-476 BC) to the end of the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), covering the Warring States period (475-221 BC). During the Archaic period, the official medium of written expression in China, Classical Chinese (or 文言 wenyan ‘Literary Chinese’), was formed. Classical Chinese had functioned as the main written language used in literary texts since the shanggu stage, but its use had progressively diminished from the beginning of the Medieval period during which the current Abstract In this paper I argue that non-wh internal and external topics in Classical Chinese can be analysed in parallel with their counterparts in modern Mandarin. I first scrutinise pronoun fronting in the context of negation in Classical Chinese, and propound that it is on a par with object preposing in modern Mandarin that is argued to be internal topics (Paul 2002). I then discuss non-interrogative elements base-generated and moved to the CP domain and illustrate their topical properties. Base-generated topics in Classical Chinese are Aboutness topics which permit DPs exclusively. In terms of moved external topics, they are constituted of preposed objects and preposed predicates: the former allow DPs and TPs, whereas the latter allow DPs and AdjPs. Moreover, moved topics can be further divided into Hanging Topics and Left Dislocation Topics, similar to those in modern Mandarin. Received: 04/04/2020

Non-Wh Internal and External Topics in Classical Chinese and Their Similarity to Equivalent Constructions in Modern Mandarin