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Though it is the second decade of the 21st century, there still a great variation in the concepts of mass media. For decades ago, media have been under the control of governmental or semi-governmental authorities. Nowadays, everyone in society (possessing a smartphone) controls a means of media through which s/he can post freely and inform thousands or millions of people about what is posted. This in turn reflects the difficulty of applying the old concept of news in developing countries, which is based on the principle of "development and promotion of society". Therefore, the researchers, as being part of these countries that seek to keep pace with developed countries, must create concepts and change media mechanisms and strategies in line with the objectives desired to achieve sustainable development in various fields. In addition, the citizens in these countries should be the instruments of real development because of their control of the modern media known as "the new media". The propagation of partisan satellite channels in Iraq after 2003 and the political reality based on allocations and division have made the Iraqi local media tending to political education and propaganda of the parties rather than their interest in conveying news to the audience independently and objectively. This is attributed to that the professionals in these institutions are subject to the policy of the institution inevitably. Consequently, the Iraqi people consider Facebook a means to know the news, especially the local news, because they are related to each other as being relatives, friends, and neighbors. Hence, the individual trusts the news obtained from Facebook posts as s/he knows the people from whom s/he gets information realistically. This is confirmed by Ibn Khaldun who says that people trust each other. Accordingly, this study aims at determining the extent to which the audience is dependent on Facebook as a source of news and information.

mağallaẗ arīd al-duwaliyyaẗ li-l-dirāsāt al-iʿlāmiyyaẗ wa-al-ʿulūm al-ittiṣāl

Local news in Facebook posts and its role in economic development in the Iraqi cities: A survey on shopkeepers in Tikrit city from 1/5/2016 to 1/8/2016