A EFICÁCIA DA UTILIZAÇÃO DA CÂNULA NASAL DE ALTO FLUXO NO PÓS OPERATÓRIO DE CIRURGIA CARDÍACA PEDIÁTRICA: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA NARRATIVA

The high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a system that provides heated (humidified) oxygen (O2) at high flows, developed as an alternative to standard O2 systems and non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Children in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery (POCC) have predisposing factors to the onset of respiratory complications, therefore, they can benefit from the use of HFNC. Objective: To verify the benefits of CNAF in pediatric POCC compared to conventional O2 (TCO) and / or NIV therapies in the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) modality. Methods: Narrative literature review conducted through scientific articles, following as inclusion criteria: original articles such as randomized, controlled, observational, cross-sectional, longitudinal, descriptive, retrospective and prospective studies, which used CNAF as therapy in pediatric POCC, comparing the use of it with TCO and / or NIV in CPAP mode. Results: PaO2 and PaO2 / FiO2 were significantly improved with the use of HFNC when compared to the TCO group. In addition, a significant portion of TCO patients needed to use NIV to avoid extubation failure. When comparing HFNC with NIV, the studies identified that there was no significant difference for the outcome of extubation failure, however, in one study, patients were not randomized for each proposed therapy, while another study showed that there was a need for NIV in the HFNC groups to avoid extubation failure. Conclusion: In pediatric patients in POCC, HFNC seems to be a better option when compared to TCO. Regarding HFNC compared to NIV, NIV still seems to be the most appropriate choice for patients who need non-invasive ventilatory support after extubation.