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The shift from pumping low-concentration Newtonian fluid tailings suspensions to disposal to the production of non-Newtonian paste and thickened tailings has meant that the minerals and energy industries have had to learn how to handle (dewater, pump, and deposit) non-Newtonian materials. Such high concentration, non-ideal (dirty) suspensions has meant that new rheological methods and techniques were needed for both shear and compression to measure and interpret the basic flow properties of paste and thickened tailings. Also, some older empirical techniques needed to be modified and interpreted in a more fundamental way so that the results could be used in design. The paper reviews these rheological techniques and illustrates how the industry itself has motivated their development.

Paste and Thickened Tailings and the Impact on the Development of New Rheological Techniques