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Short-term seismic hazard based on the stability analysis methods of the 1990s is part of the deep mine culture of South African mines. Temporal precursory patterns have shown some level of success not only in deep gold mines but also in shallower mines in Australia. In complex geological and mining environments precursory patterns in temporal trends can be lost due to multiple processes mixing and diluting these trends. It is not always possible to separate these mixed processes by refining the traditional spatial filters, making analysis of these regions difficult. This paper proposes the use of an unsupervised learning algorithm to categorise seismic data with the intention of separating different seismogenic processes. This algorithm should not only take spatial and temporal parameters into consideration but should include parameters related to seismic sources, e.g. energy index, ES /EP ratio, etc. In this investigation, an implementation of the DBSCAN clustering algorithm to categorise seismic data was used. This density based algorithm requires only two parameters: the maximum search distance, ρ , and the minimum number of neighbours required to form a cluster, . The advantages of DBSCAN include its ability to create any number of clusters to suit the data set as well as its ability to identify noise and outliers. DBSCAN can struggle to cluster data sets where there are large differences in densities, since there may not be an appropriate choice of and for all clusters. We investigate a few cases where multi-dimensional clustering indicates precursory trends. More specifically examples of density clustering of spatial-and-temporal and spatial-and-source clustering are discussed.

Using clustering algorithms to assist short-term seismic hazard analysis in deep South African mines