English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

15 Abstract: Fluoride concentrations in drinking water in excess of 1.5 mg L -1 are unsafe 16 for human consumption. To reduce excess fluoride intake, developing countries must 17 use low-cost, point-of-use defluoridation techniques. Although previous work has 18 extensively assessed defluoridation using bone char (BC), most of the advanced studies 19 have been based on the use of fluoridated distilled water as a feed solution. In the 20 present study, BC columns were challenged with a range of model solutions, mimicking 21 various pretreatment options. As a result, the relative impact of dissolved organic 22 carbon (DOC) and suspended solids (SS) on the performance of BC filters was 23 assessed. In addition, the performance of a gravity-driven, hollow fibre ultrafiltration 24 (UF) module was examined with regards to the potential for use as a pretreatment 25 option. SS were observed to severely clog the columns and cause the complete 26 cessation of flow. The subsequent removal of SS by UF improved the general filter 27 performance as well as increasing the BC lifetime by 50 %. The UF module achieved a 28 reduction in DOC of 34 ± 6 %, resulting in an additional 27 % increase in the lifetime 29 of the BC column. 30 31

Impact of pretreatment on defluoridation of drinking water by bone char adsorption