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Background: Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) is a group of rare autoinflammatory diseases. Little is known about the burden of disease, patients’ views on treatment, and adverse events (AEs) with current therapy. Objectives: The main study objective was to quantify the patients’ burden of disease in terms of flares and resource use and to characterize patient symptomatology and tolerability of treatment with anakinra. A secondary objective included comparing chart review and patient recall of symptoms and AEs. Methods: A retrospective medical chart review and concurrent online patient survey was conducted in four European countries. Data 12 months prior to initiation of/during anakinra treatment were entered into web-based case report forms by study groups. Results: Forty-two patients received/were receiving anakinra as primary treatment for at least 12 months. Patients experienced a 79.5% reduction in flares after commencing anakinra treatment. During the past 12 months on anakinra, four of five (80%) patients who recalled experiencing flares reported cancelling social activities and staying home as the most common courses of action. Most common AEs were injection site pain upon treatment initiation and weight gain. According to patient recall, 12 of 21 patients (57.1%) discontinued anakinra to enter another clinical trial; of the 12, eight (38%) specifically discontinued anakinra only for that reason, and four patients cited entering a clinical trial as one of many reasons for discontinuing anakinra. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive survey of patient experience with CAPS. Although improved, CAPS treatment remains suboptimal and a significant burden is placed upon patients, caregivers, and the healthcare system. With new agents available, it will be important to compare outcomes in patients using all therapeutic options. 1UCL Medical School, London, UK; 2Arnold Consultancy & Technology LLC, New York, NY USA; 3Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA; 4UO Pediatria II, G. Gaslini Scientific Institute, Italy; 5Pediatric Rheumatology, CEREMAI, Hôpital Kremlin Bicêtre, University of Paris SUD, France; 6Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland; 7Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany *Corresponding author rarnold@arnoldllc.com

A Retrospective Patient Chart Review and Survey in Patients with Cryopyrin-associated Periodic Syndromes Treated with Anakinra