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Ovarian carcinomas represent sixth most common female cancers and fourth leading cause of death due to cancers in women. Surface epithelial tumors are commonest variety of ovarian tumors followed by germ cell tumors. Angiogenesis is critical factor in tumor growth and metastasis, because tumor proliferation is severely limited by nutrient supply to proliferating tumor cells. Hence tumorigenesis of malignant neoplasms is associated with extensive neovascularization. Many studies has established micro vessel density as an important prognostic factor in solid tumors, but there is paucity of literature regarding characteristics of tumor blood vessels in ovarian surface epithelial tumors Aims and objectives: To clarify the differences in angiogenesis between benign and malignant epithelial tumors. To assess the characteristics of tumor vessels with aid of immunohistochemistry. Material and methods: The study was done on 30 specimens received at Gandhi hospital during May 2017-July 2018. All oophorectomy specimens received at department of pathology after considering the exclusion criteria were included in the study. Routine investigations, ultrasound abdomen and pelvis, H and E staining, immunohistochemistry Smooth Muscle Actin was performed. Smooth Muscle Actin expression is classified as high, moderate, low with normal ovary as control. Results: Out of 30 cases, 15 are benign (50%), 3 borderline (10%) and 12 cases are malignant (40%).Youngest age at diagnosis was 29 years and oldest was at 65 years. Majority of the cases were diagnosed as serous tumors. Conclusion: Smooth muscle actin is highly expressed in benign cases, moderate in borderline and low in malignant cases. Malignant ovarian tumours statistically showed higher production of immature blood vessels along with paucity of smooth muscle support as compared to benign tumours. Therefore Mean MVD is higher and Smooth muscle actin expression is low in malignant tumors.

saudi journal of pathology and microbiology

Analysis of Tumor Vascularization with Smooth Muscle Actin by Immunohistochemistry—it’s Prognostic Significance in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Ovarian Surface Epithelial Tumors