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Currently, dairy farmers are using various software tools to enable them to make decisions on different aspects of farming such as pasture management, herd management, nutrient management and finance management. Some of the widely used software tools for dairy farming are as follows: Rapid Plate Meter, Overseer, Farm Enviro Walk, and Cash Manager. Each of these tools is used only for particular aspects of dairy farm management. For example, Overseer is used to check the nutrient levels present in the soil. Since these tools operate independently, farmers often find it difficult and time consuming when making integrated decisions relating to farm management. Often, they need to extract data from each of these tools, combine and integrate them and use another general purpose tool to perform analysis before making any decision. The complexity of the decision making is increased with the amount of information and, to make matters worse, information loss may occur during the integration. The main objective of the proposed research is to model a multi agent system platform to automatically integrate data from the various software tools and perform a variety of analysis to support decision making on the farm. The proposed multi-agent system environment provides an interface in which farmers can enter queries related to farming which requires agents to communicate with the various tools in order to respond to these queries. This is possible as the agents possess special abilities such as autonomy, dynamism and intelligence. Each management activity has its own functions and outputs. • Pasture management deals with pasture related works. • Nutrient management performs tasks involving nutrient application. • Herd management perform tasks related to cattle health, herd cleaning and other herd related activities. • Financial management contains tasks like calculating revenue, stock maintenance and other related financial activities. An individual agent is designed for each management aspect of dairy farming and co-ordination between them is managed by a coordinator agent to form a multi-agent system. Depending on the problem to be solved, different agents are invoked. Agents can communicate with other agents whenever necessary when making decisions in a multi agent system. The model consists of the following agents: interface agent, control agent, pasture management agent, herd management agent, nutrient management agent and finance management agent. The interface agent is the bridge between user and the multi agent system. The interface agent senses the environment and passes the user information to the control agent. The control agent is the controller who decides what action plans need to be executed based on the information received from interface agent. The control agent will trigger the appropriate actions based on the changes in the environment. All other agents deal with tasks related to the appropriate dairy farm management. For instance, the pasture management agent handles queries related to dairy pasture management. The main advantage of this integrated model is that farmers will be able to make farming decisions more efficiently and effectively without the hassle of having to work through the data from various data sources.

Modelling a multi agent system for dairy farms for integrated decision making