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Developments in urban areas increasingly consider the sustainability of water and wastewater management in their planning. One aspect of sustainability refers to the condition where water supply is sourced locally and wastewater discharges are utilized locally as alternative resources on a fit for purpose basis. Source management practices (SMPs) such as demand management, greywater reuse, rainwater use and sewer mining offer benefits of water saving and wastewater reduction. While the positive effects of SMPs have been widely acknowledged, the implementation of SMPs is also likely to alter the wastewater quality and flow characteristics. These alterations might affect downstream sewerage networks and wastewater treatment plants. SMPs tend to lower the wastewater flow, which subsequently increases the concentration of contaminants. Lower flow and higher contaminant concentration lead to increases in sewer problems such as blockages, odour and corrosion. Sewer blockages due to these SMP have been assessed in a few studies, whereas impacts of SMPs on odour and corrosion have not yet been investigated. The problems of odour and corrosion are frequently observed in sewerage networks, especially in areas with warm climate. These problems are caused by hydrogen sulphide (H2S) that is released into the sewer atmosphere. H2S formation in sewers is dependent on the wastewater quality and flow characteristics. This paper analyses a range of scenarios that represent different SMPs in terms of their impact on flow characteristics and wastewater quality that indicate their contribution to odour and corrosion problems in sewerage networks, by using an urban water balance model. The Urban Volume and Quality (UVQ) model is used to simulate the volume of water and wastewater flow and the associated wastewater quality parameters from different scenarios. UVQ is capable to estimate the water/wastewater quality parameters loads and the water/wastewater flows their source to the discharge point.

Scenario analysis of source management practices: Impact on sewerage networks