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System simulation modeling plays an important role in water resources management in Australia and other countries. Network linear programming (NetLP) solver-based modelling software e.g. REALM, WathNet, MODSIM and Source Integrated Modelling System (Source IMS) enable water distribution modelling of river systems with multiple supply paths using an optimisation engine in contrary to rules-based ordering system. A NetLP solver-based ordering system usually needs to translate the network elements in a river system, e.g. inflows, storages, confluences and regulated splitters (a splitter represents a branch in the river system, such as an anabranch; and a regulated splitter represents a branch where the flow down at least one branch can be varied by use of a structure), into an Equivalent System Network (ESN). The translated ESN incorporates the arc capacities and costs defined by the system or user to reflect the linear constraints and preferences for water distribution. NetLP solvers are called iteratively to achieve specified convergence criteria for nonlinear or piece-wise linear relationships within the model of the water supply system. Existing software such as REALM or the early internal release versions of Source IMS have no capability to visualise the generated ESNs, making it less transparent for users to understand the solutions of NetLP solvers by reading through a text file recording the nodes and arcs of the network. In this paper, we propose a visualisation aid for interpreting the ESNs in Source IMS based on a third-party tool, Graphviz. Firstly, we introduce the implementation of exporting ESNs to the open- source Graphviz, which provides the features of subgraphs and clusters in the DOT language, as shown in Figure 2, an example of a simple river system. Then the usefulness of the visualisations is illustrated with two case studies using NetLP functionality in Source IMS. The first case of visualisation shows that translation of a regulated splitter into an ESN has allowed the NetLP to make an arbitrary choice of supply path. In fact, the modeler would prefer to favour the river channel rather than the regulated effluent to convey excess water. With this knowledge, adding a minor cost difference to the effluent arc causes Source IMS to release water down the path preferred by the modeler (left branch of the splitter shown in Figure 2 and 4). The second case deals with the cost ambiguities in a complicated river system network, which leads to different solutions using different NetLP solvers. The visualisation shows multiple paths from different storages to the extraction point with exactly the same total cost. In this case, the Source IMS developers created an automated solution to handle such cost ambiguities that works effectively in tested river system networks.

Visualising Equivalent System Networks in the NetLP optimisation of water distribution systems