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Background and objective: Motivations for exploring appropriate and reliable biomarkers of allergic asthma are early diagnosis, sensitization, asthma endotypes, monitoring of disease and treatment progression. As a result, clinical studies of allergic asthma have focused on measuring biomarkers in order to figure out the characteristics of the population, relevant environmental risk factors, and the effects of various treatments. In this regard, the current study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of different biomarkers in diagnosing allergic asthma and determining its severity. Methods: The current cohort study was conducted at the Allergy and Asthma Center in Sulaimani Hospital on 66 non-smoking patients who had allergic asthma and 61 healthy controls from January 2017 to November 2018. Six ml peripheral venous blood was taken from each subject; 3 ml for assessing total blood count and 3 ml for obtaining the serum. Variables like total and specific serum IgE, levels of serum ECP, Tryptase, serum IL-18, and CD-20, and lung function parameters like FEV1, FVC, and FEC1/FVC were measured. Comparing the unpaired continuous and dichotomous variables was carried out through Mann-Whitney U and Contingency χ2 tests, and spearman’s rank coefficient was used for correlation between the parameters. For this purpose, Prism 7.0 Software (Graphpad, La Jolla, California, USA) was used. p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of the patients with allergic asthma and the healthy subject was 39.09±1.19 and 39.95±0.70 years, respectively. They were significantly different in terms of symptoms (p<0.0001) and family history (p=0.0058). Total WBCs, monocyte cells, neutrophile cells, eosinophile cells, and basophile cells are significantly effective and accurate diagnostic tools for allergic asthma (p<0.01), while lymphocyte cells cannot be a reliable predictor for this disease (p>0.05). Asthma, allergy, and inflammation can be diagnosed accurately through serum total IgE, serum tryptase, FEV1, ECP, CD-20, and IL-18. ECP and FEV1 can be used to predict asthma, allergy, and inflammation. Conclusion: Biomarkers like WBCs, monocyte cells, neutrophile cells, eosinophile cells, and basophile cells are good predictors of allergic asthma, with eosinophile cells being the strongest biomarker. Allergic asthma can also be predicted reliably through IgE, tryptase, FEV1, ECP, CD-20, and IL-18.

Effectiveness of biomarkers and serum parameters in determination allergic asthma and detection of its severity