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In Nigeria, potable water is in short supply to the greater population and where available, groundwater accounts for over 90% of the supply. Oil exploration and exploitation activities are carried out in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and this has affected the environment in this region. However, naturally occurring traces of petroleum products in strata or petroleum losses through spillages can contaminate groundwater, thus aquifer mapping in the Niger Delta Region becomes crucial. The study involves collection, collation and analysis of relevant information and data required for successful development of groundwater in Edo state. Groundwater in Edo State occurs under different conditions in the various aquifers defined by the following geological units, namely: Coastal Plain Sands of the Benin Formation, OgwashiAsaba, BendeAmeki and Imo Shale Group of the Tertiary Deposits, False-bedded Sandstones and the Nkporo Shale Group of the Cretaceous deposits and the Basement Complex Rocks which only contain groundwater in the overburden, faults and joints. From the information collated, groundwater levels are deepest in the Ishan Plateau where it is about 171 metres above mean sea level at Ekpoma. Away from the pleateau, groundwater rises southwards and northwards. At Aduwawa/Ikpoba Hill (Benin City), the groundwater level is 40 metres, at Iguiye (Lagos Road, Benin City) to the west, the groundwater level is 55 metres and at Fugar to the north, the groundwater level is 95 metres. The groundwater flow direction is from the Plateau to all other areas with higher groundwater levels. Therefore, aquifer mapping in the Niger Delta region is necessary, as it will help in assessing the availability and development methods to be adopted.

Aquifer Mapping in the Niger Delta Region: A Case Study of Edo State, Nigeria