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The article describes the basics of the process of high temperature carbonate looping, which is being developed as one of the methods of CO2 capture from flue gas produced during fossil fuel combustion. Used as adsorbents in this process are mainly alkaline-earth metal oxides, most frequently CaO. A reaction of the sorbent with carbon dioxide occurs under suitable reaction conditions, producing the respective carbonate. As this involves chemical bonding of CO2, the adsorption capacity of the sorbent for CO2 is high. The sorbent is regenerated by increasing the temperature above the temperature of stability of the given carbonate, which causes the carbonate to decompose into an oxide, and CO2 is released in a concentrated form. Because the system operates at high temperatures above 600 °C, it is possible to use the residual heat from the process of carbonate looping for the production of electrical energy in a steam cycle. The article describes the results of laboratory tests of limestone samples from various localities in the Czech Republic, which were tested for CO2 capture in the process of high temperature carbonate looping. The limestone samples were also analysed by the method of elemental analysis, and the CO2 content was determined which is released when heated above the stability limit of the carbonates present in the limestone sample. The results were then compared with the theoretical sorption capacities of the individual samples for CO2, and all cases showed a good correspondence between the measured and the calculated values. Also measured were the adsorption capacities of the individual limestone samples after their previous activation (conversion into oxides) and the acquired results were again compared with the theoretical sorption capacities for CO2 calculated from the composition of individual samples. The selected adsorbent samples were further tested by measuring breakthrough curves for CO2 from a model gas mixture containing ca 14% vol. CO2, and sorption capacities of samples for CO2 for the given experimental conditions were then calculated from the measured breakthrough curves.

Removing carbon dioxide from flue gas using high temperature carbonate looping