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This study is devoted to the research of ecological and biotechnological aspects of bioconversion of wheat straw by edible mushrooms. It is shown that the efficiency of bioconversion of wheat straw depends on regional climatic factors. The ability of protein synthesis by Pleurotus fungus cultivated on wheat straw was researched. It was also found that the cultivation of edible basidiomycetes on wheat straw leads to the enrichment of plant waste up to 10% proteins. It is shown that the amount of protein in plant substrates is 3% for control sample, the amount of protein in the substrate with the strain Pleurotus ostreatus D5 increased to 12%, P. ostreatus F1 – to 11.47%, P. pulmonarius S6 – to 10.88%, P. pulmonarius F2 - to 9.57%. The analysis of amino acid composition of protein mass obtained by processed of straw recycling by mushrooms is shown the presence of essential amino acids such as valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and lysine. It was found that the adaptation of strains of Pleurotus ostreatus D5, P. ostreatus F1, P. pulmonarius S6, P. pulmonarius F2 to the nutrient media with wheat straw occurs within 1–2 days. It is noted that the characteristic of fungi in the short growth phases is a very important biotechnological criterion for their selection as active producers. The prospect of using fungi in bioconversion of plant waste, including for obtaining nutritious feed, is noted.

Ecological and biotechnological aspects of the usage of edible mushrooms for bioconversion of plant waste