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Objectives: This paper attempts to forecast the future of methods of warfare in the forthcoming decades of the 21st century. The predictions reflect on the current trends observed in the development of military and civil (dual-use) technologies and changes in thought constructs developed for hostilities. Methods: Empirical and theoretical research methods were utilised in the study. The research data, obtained from a review of source materials, was subsequently subjected to examination through analysis, synthesis and comparison. Results: The methods of warfare of the 21st century are likely to reflect the technological evolution of the modern age. Considering the present-day trends, it is very likely that our technology-driven lives will transform people into hybrids of biological organisms merged with the technological environment, integrated with the body. Therefore, hostile action against human soldiers could be taken on three major levels: the biological organism, the mass communication technology integrated into the body, and the mental level – both in the conscious and the subconscious sphere. The study into how the soldier’s mental sphere can be influenced to anticipate and shape behaviour may contribute to further research on the third level impact on enemy soldiers. Conclusions: The conclusions formulated in this analysis may carry significant implications for work on an innovative methodology of future warfare, accounting for the technological progress in the next decades of the 21st century, and a methodology for countering future military threats.

Wars in the later 21st century: Forecast developments in the methods of warfare