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of thesis1 Justification5 Introduction11 1. Age Related Macular Degeneration13 1.1. Definition13 1.2. Prevalence13 1.3. Forms13 1.4. Pathogenesis13 1.5. Treatment15 2. Retina17 2.1 Human Neuroretina17 Central and peripheral retina18 2.2 Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium (hRPE)21 Ageing of hRPE22 3. Stem cell23 4. Advance Therapy24 4.1. Types25 4.2. Gene therapy25 4.3. Somatic cell therapy/cell therapy26 4.4. Tissue engineering26 5. Cell Therapy28 5.1. Progress in Ophthalmology28 6. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)30 6.1 Sources of MSCs31 6.2. Adipose Tissue31 6.3. Therapeutic Aspects33 6.4. Immunological Properties35 6.5. Paracrine effects37 6.6. Differentiation Potential38 6.7. Currant status of MSCs in Ophthalmology39 7. Factors of Differentiation used in this study40 Hypothesis and objectives43 Hypothesis45 Objectives47 Materials and Methods49 1. Cells51 1.1 Cell line51 1.2 Primary cells51 2. Reagents52 3. Cell culture54

The potential of human adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells in cell therapy for retinal degenerative diseases