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(Background and Purpose) The Fourth Industrial Revolution, which will transform modes of interpersonal relationships based on differentiated and personalized trends, will create new opportunities under the environment converging cutting-edge technologies. Such changes in environment will accelerate transformation of our living patterns. In addition, rapidly changing technologies will open up the un-purposed environment, even before we become aware of the purpose, functions, and value of spatial design. Against such a backdrop, it is extremely difficult to clarify the differentiation of spatial design. Thus, this study intends to reinterpret the concept of design differentiation and expand the tools of related elements in order to investigate the differentiation in spatial design. (Method) This study identified characteristic elements of design differentiation through comparative analysis of preceding studies, and derived new tools based on examination of Deleuze's theory of “difference” to expand the design elements of differentiation. The study proposed an evaluation model that structuralized the derived design differentiation elements and Deleuze's characteristics of difference as relational controlling factors. Moreover, the study verified the expansion of design differentiation tools, which were added through analyses of interior spaces in self-driving cars, based on the scope of relevant cases. (Results) First, the uniqueness, suitability, and justifiability, which were characteristics with the highest distribution among design differentiation elements in self-driving car space, turned out to be important elements for differentiation. Second, the tools added from Deleuze's theory of difference were subsequently analyzed, so that the nature and meaning inherent in the object (interior space of self-driving car) could be understood more in-depth from the standpoint of a causal relationship. In other words, the space, which was interpreted through sameness for design nuances and overall function-centricity of space, was analyzed with heterogeneous elements such as substance, shape, etc., and therefore the differentiation could be analyzed more specifically. Third, the results of analyses suggested that interpretation of this design differentiation and expansion of tools could provide a basis for in-depth analyses of differentiated spatial characteristics. (Conclusions) This case study on the application of the concept of design differentiation in spatial design showed that the evaluation tool could be expanded to re-establish the concept of differentiation in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Thus, the study added the 5 tools (object, substance, shape, uniformity, and individualization), extracted reason from Deleuze’s theory of difference, and analyzed the causal relationship between function-centric and emotional perspectives. In that way, the study could analyze the concept of differentiated design with greater clarity and objectivity, so both the design and its meaning can be reinterpreted in the realm of spatial design to be more technology-oriented.

Study on Application of the Concept of Design Differentiation in Spatial Design - Focusing on Interior Space of Self-Driving Car -