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Nine lignin-degrading bacteria were isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil and animal manure samples and characterized by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Three isolates were identified as Enterobacter cancerogenus , two as Enterobacter ludwigii , one as Citrobacter sedlakii , one as Citrobacter farmeri , one as Klebsiella pneumoniae , and one as Citrobacter murliniae . These  bacteria used ligno sulphate as the sole carbon source but  did not utilize kraft lignin (KL) as the sole source of carbon and energy. For this reason, basic nutrients, such as 1.0% glucose (w/v) and 0.5% peptone (w/v), were used as additional carbon and nitrogen sources to stimulate bacterial growth for KL decolorization. Under these conditions, the isolates L1, L2, L3, L4, PT21, PT22, PT41, G1, and C1 degraded kraft lignin by 37 %, 14 %, 20%, 43%, 48%, 51%, 28%, 60%, and %99, respectively. The decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) by the isolates was analyzed. The isolates were decolorized at 20-90 % of RBBR, respectively.

Isolation of Lignin-Degrading Bacteria from Different Sources and Testing of Their Ligninolytic Activities