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For the last years different types of cucurbitacins have been extracted from various species of Cucurbitaceae family. For this review all related papers were accumulated by searching electronic databases in the English language, including International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The keywords of cucurbitacin, cucumber anticancer therapy, cytotoxic effects, chemotherapy, and inhibitor effect were searched until February 2020. According to the result of this review cucurbitacin E, a tetracyclic triterpenes compound has been exhibited cell cycle arrest, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Cucurbitacin E showed tumor proliferation prevention, induction of apoptosis or synergistically acts with other established antitumor compound and cytokines throughout many molecular mechanisms. In a function-structure association manner, they can inhibit Janus kinas2 (JAK2) phosphorylation, the signal transducer activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and subsequently block these pathways, which seems to be the main mechanism of their activity. The review of their anticancer activity has probably resulted the significance effect of cucurbitacin E as a natural bio-product in cancer therapy. Future studies will target their detection in uninvestigated sources, subsequently their derivatives to improve their anticancer activity.

Cucurbitacins: A Focus on Cucurbitacin E As A Natural Product and Their Biological Activities