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Escherichia coli is the most important agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs) which accounts for nearly 75% of the isolates (1, 2). Annually, about 150 million women suffer from UTIs worldwide (3). Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains often produce α-hemolysin which can cause an inflammatory response by the lysis of cells and the release of cytokine (4). β-lactamases are the enzymes that disrupt beta-lactam antibiotics and secret into the periplasmic space in gram-negative bacteria or out of the cell by Gram-positive organisms (5,6). Based on the protein sequence homology (the Ambler classification scheme), beta-lactamases are divided into A, B, C, and D types. According to Tooke et al study (7), the A-, C-, and D-type β-lactamases have serine at their active site (seineβ-lactamases) whereas B-type enzymes are considered as zinc-containing metalloenzymes (metallo-β-lactamases). The extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were first recognized in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens in the mid-1980s. These enzymes are produced by gram-negative bacilli and are often classified into temoneira (blaTEM β-lactamase), sulfhydryl variable active site (blaSHV β-lactamase), and the cefotaxime degrading enzyme (blaCTX-M β-lactamase) classes (8). The high prevalence of ESBLs in E. coli has raised concerns about the treatment of the infection caused by this bacterium (9). The ESBLs represent resistance to almost all β-lactam antibiotics except for carbapenems and cefamycins and are mainly produced by E. coli and K. pneumoniae (10). TEM-1, TEM-2, and SHV-1 are named narrow-spectrum β-lactamases because they hydrolyze penicillins and are considered as the first generation of cephalosporins such as cephalothin, cephaloridine, or cefazolin (11). The ESBLs are emanated from the narrow-spectrum Avicenna Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection

avicenna journal of clinical microbiology and infection

Evaluation of the Prevalence of blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated From Urinary Tract Infections