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The species of the family Costaceae are formed by seven genera, Costus is one of them, the largest in the family. The evolutionary and taxonomic question of this family and of this genus has been approached in the search for more concrete and precise answers regarding the number of species and their evolutionary origin. Information on the number and chromosome morphometry through cytogenetics and the quantification of DNA through flow cytometry, of four species of the genus Costus L., can expand and contribute with cytotaxonomic and evolutionary study of the genu with the clarification of the evolutionary relationship between the species’ karyotypes. In the analyzes of flow cytometry, the histograms generated with G0/G1 peaks presented adequate resolution with a low CV 3.01%. The total DNA content of Costus spiralis, C. arabicus, C. amazonicus and C. scaber was 2, 94; 2, 97; 2, 84 and 2, 76 pg, respectively. This proximity in genome size may be related to a common ancestor among these species. There was variation in the DNA content between samples of the same species, which may be associated to inference in the fluorochrome by secondary metabolites and alterations in the size of the genome due to the occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements evidenced in the cytogenetic analyzes with occurrences of deletions in two samples and heterogeneity regarding chromosome morphometry in all species, evidences of being in evolutionary process. The cluster analysis by the PGMA method, through the Euclidean distance matrix, showed the intraspecific genetic variability among the samples and detected the one with the greatest genetic divergence being C. scaber.

brazilian journal of development

CARIÓTIPO E CONTEÚDO DE DNA NUCLEAR DE QUATRO ESPÉCIES DO GÊNERO COSTUS L.: UMA CONTRIBUIÇÃO CITOTAXONÔMICA E EVOLUTIVA/KARYOTYPE AND NUCLEAR DNA CONTENT OF FOUR SPECIES OF THE GENUS COSTUS L.: A CYTOTAXONOMIC AND EVOLUTIONARY CONTRIBUTION