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Changes in climatic conditions, market organisation , societal demands on food quality, animal welfare nd environmental quality have created new conditions f or farmers as well as for researchers and policy ma kers. New social, technical and economic solutions are ne eded for farming and rural areas. There is a wide r ange of measures related to dairy welfare and changes in cl imate. One of them is high temperature which create s heat stress. This is one of the leading causes of decrea sed production and fertility in dairy cattle during summer months in many parts of the globe (De Rensis and Sc aramuzzi, 2003). These losses are apparent in the d ecr ased amount of milk shipped, increased days open and dec reased breedings per conception. Some heat stress i s unavoidable, but effects can be minimized if certai n management practices are followed. Cattle sweat a t only 10 percent of the human rate, so that affects that the y ar more susceptible to heat stress (West, 2003). That is why dairy cattle need mechanical means to reduce heat, such as body sprinkling to aid in evaporation and e ffective air movement systems to aid in cooling. Stale, stagnant air can reach dangerous or lethal areas in a short time. Therefore, it is essential to have rapid movement o f air in any confined area. During times of heat st re s feed intake is reduce by 8 to 12 percent or more. This r eduction in feed intake reduces volatile fatty acid production in the rumen, resulting in decreased production.

Study of animal welfare status and heat stress measures applied in dairy cow herds in Hungary