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Anthocyanins are water-soluble polyphenolic pigments that are responsible for the pigmentation of many foods, including fruits (sour cherry, blueberries, black plums, blackberries), vegetables (onion, red radish, purple cabbage), and grains (black rice, red rice, and black soybeans) (Khoo et al., 2017). Anthocyanins are a subgroup of flavonoids. Anthocyanins share a basic C-6 (A ring)-C-3 (C ring)-C-6 (B ring) carbon skeleton; it is also called the flavylium (2phenylchromenylium) ion, with a varying number of hydroxyl groups and sugars with different degrees of methylation. The stability of anthocyanin is dependent on pH, light, temperature, and structure (Laleh et al., 2006). The anthocyanin content of Hungarian sour cherry is outstanding, based on our preliminary investigations. They produce selective cyanidin glycosides, the main component being cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside (Homoki et al., 2016). Several studies demonstrated that the anthocyanins can exert numerous beneficial physiological effects because of their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-angiogenesis, anti-cancer, antidiabetes, anti-microbial, neuroprotection, and immunomodulation properties (Lila, 2004). Many studies have focused on the defensive role of anthocyanins in inflammation. An in vitro study showed that the anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract is able to attenuate the IFN-α-induced overexpression of MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α in human monocytic THP-1 cells. (Roth et al., 2014). Another in vitro study emphasized the protective effect of purified sour cherry anthocyanin extract on cytokine-induced inflammatory caco-2 monolayers (Nguyen et al., 2018). In the present study, the effect of sour cherry anthocyanin extract was investigated in an inflammatory model. Because human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) have been extensively used in studies of the physiology and pathophysiology of various diseases, including the inflammatory process (Medina-Leyte et al., 2020), we applied HUVECs as an inflammatory model. The inflammatory response was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin from the outer membrane of bacteria, which is routinely used to trigger inflammation.

Effect of anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract on the level of IL-8 in LPS-induced endothelial cell