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The main habitat of roe deer includes the outer edges of forests and wooded steppes but this species has also adapted itself at least 100 years ago to living in open agricultural areas all year round. The presence of forest roe deer as well as field roe deer was confirmed at the turn of the 20 and 21 centuries with radio telemetry research projects. Therefore, the question arises as to how there are two roe deer populations with different habitat preferences and behaviour existing in the same areas in Europe for so many decades. Genetic differences between forest and field roe deer were examined by analyzing the polymorphism of eight microsatellite DNA loci of individuals within three regions of Poland. The fact that the individuals studied belonged to specific populations did not result in significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies. The obtained results suggest a lack of genetic differences between the forest and field roe deers. Negligible genetic differentiation is probably a consequence of the matching of individuals from both populations neighbouring each other in many areas. Moreover, some forest roe deer periodically live in agricultural territories in the summer, during the period of rut. A hypothesis was put forward that young roe deer choose their future habitat (forests or fields) by observing the behaviour of adults, especially their mothers whom they accompany in the first year of their lives. In this case, the obtained genetic resemblance for progeny can result from the field origin of their dam(s).

Does Genotype Determine Habitat Preferences? – Studies on Forest and Field Roe Deer