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This paper examines data from 18 USGS gauges in the lower Pee Dee Basin in an effort to explain the behavior of the flooding following Hurricane Florence (2018) in Georgetown County, South Carolina. Despite record or near-record flooding in all the tributaries to the Winyah Bay estuary, water levels near the city of Georgetown were well below predicted heights. Floodplain storage in the lower Great Pee Dee, Lynches, and Little Pee Dee River valleys stored over 1.2 million acre-feet of floodwaters, delaying peak stage near Bucksport for five days and reducing peak flow into the Winyah Bay tidal river/estuary system by nearly 50%. An unknown amount of flow from the Winyah Bay tidal river/estuary system flowed through the Atlantic Intracoastal Water Way to Little River rather than through Winyah Bay. The resulting freshwater flow to Winyah Bay only moved the point of tidal stagnation (where upstream tidal flow balances downstream freshwater flow) to near Georgetown. Since the city of Georgetown was near the point of stagnation, water level there was driven by ocean tidal height rather than river flood stage. The lack of discharge data from the tidal rivers in Georgetown County prevents evaluation of the importance of each of these factors and will limit efforts to make quantitative predictions of future flooding in the county. Journal of South Carolina Water Resources, Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 36–45, 2019 was 87% of the largest peak flow measured on the Great Pee Dee in 1945 at the “Pee Dee at Pee Dee” gauge (02131000). (Refer to Figure 1 and Table 1 for locations.) Given nearrecord and above-record flooding on three major tributaries to Winyah Bay, record flooding was expected for eastern Georgetown County and the city of Georgetown. However, peak water level at Pee Dee River bridge near Georgetown was 4.14 ft (NAVD88) (USGS Gauge 02136350 1:15–1:45 p.m., 9/30/2018), which corresponds to the peak ocean tide of 3.57 ft (NAVD88) measured during that same period at Springmaid Pier (NOAA Tide Gauge 8331070 12:48 p.m., 9/30/2018). Two main aspects of the flood will be considered. First, and the most obvious, is the stage or the height of the water surface. The difference between the water surface and the land elevation determines if, or how deeply, any particular spot will flood. Unfortunately, stage is a local value, which, especially on older gauges, refers to a site-specific datum that is arbitrarily set to be lower than the river bottom. The published stage is only meaningful as a correlate to the extent of flooding at any spot. For example, a landowner may know that a stage of 25 ft at the nearest gauge will flood to the edge

Hurricane Florence Flooding in Georgetown County: A Qualitative Explanation of the Interactions of Estuary and Tidal River