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The Great Recession has hurt the economic well-being of individuals, families, and communities across America. As a result of the recession, more than one-half of the U.S. labor force (55 percent) has “suffered a spell of unemployment, a cut in pay, a reduction in hours or have become involuntary part-time workers.”1 The Great Recession is also taking its toll on chronically poor rural places like southeastern Kentucky. Using data from the Community and Environment in Rural America (CERA) surveys2 conducted in eastern Kentucky in 2007 and 2011 (see Figure 1 for the location), this brief investigates how perceptions of socioeconomic and environmental issues in one economically vulnerable rural region have changed during the recession. In 2007, the Carsey Institute conducted the first CERA survey in Harlan and Letcher counties, just months before the beginning of the recession, which officially lasted from December 2007 to June 2009.3 In 2011, Carsey researchers returned to the same counties for a second survey. Although the recession has officially ended, communities across America are still struggling to recover from its effects.4 As a chronically poor rural place, how southeastern Kentuckians are experiencing the recession may differ from other rural places with stronger socioeconomic and civic institutions.5 The surveys reveal that the recession has exacerbated concern about many community-level problems including poverty, affordable housing, sprawl, and a lack of recreational opportunities. Southeastern Kentuckians’6 views regarding how environmental resources should be used have also changed. As the demand for jobs has increased, Harlan and Letcher county residents are more likely to believe that natural resources should be used for economic development rather than conserved for the future. They are also less supportive of environmental regulations such as zoning laws Key Findings

Southeastern Kentuckians remain optimistic through Great Recession: growing concerns about sprawl, housing, and recreational opportunities