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The activities of ecotourism have been widely spread out, practised and associated to ecosystems of the areas legally protected, through the contemplation and contact with its natural resources. The so-called geoindicators can be understood as tools of assessment of conditions and tendencies, as an alternative to the study of sustainable ecotourism. The State Park of Pedra Branca (PEPB), located in the west zone of Rio de Janeiro, encloses the area of the Pedra Branca Massif over the altimetric quote of 100 meters and includes the biggest urban forest in the world. In the last few decades, the area has received constant pressures from the processes of use and occupation in its boundary, related, to a large extent, to the urban expansion. The objective of this work is to evaluate the evolution of the soil use in the PEPB as one of the geoindicators for the development of the ecotourism, considering the “forest” as the category of the most important use, where the practices of leisure in the nature are effectively developed. It was adopted, as an assessment unit of measurement, the percentage of loss of the category forest with regards to the remaining categories of soil use, in different periods. The databases of soil use from 1984, 1992 and 2001 have been used (surveys carried out by the Department of Environment of the City of Rio De Janeiro SMAC), treated in the ArcGis program, which has subsidized the analyses of environmental monitoring in a software called SAGA (System of GeoEnvironmental Analysis), as well as the mappings of attractive areas for ecotourism and the buffer of 100 meters of its boundary. As a result, the reduction of forest from 64,56% for 46,52% was evidenced in the period of 1984 2001. Using data crossing between maps of soil use and ecotourism attractions, it was verified that, in PEPB, the majority of the attractions (42,86%) is found in the category “Forest” and that its gradual reduction might compromise the maintenance of the physical-biotic resources which attracts the visitors to the protected area.

revista brasileira de ecoturismo

A importância da evolução do uso do solo como geoindicador para o planejamento do Ecoturismo em Unidades de Conservação: aplicação no Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (RJ)