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This article discusses the role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the management of menopausal symptoms, and specifically considers the advantages of different types and preparations of HRT, based on the current medical evidence.The menopause is a normal life event for women, not an illness or a medical condition. However, the effects of the menopause often have a negative impact on women’s wellbeing and quality of life. Furthermore, the low oestrogen levels and other biological changes that occur in these women are also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, diabetes, and dementia.In addition to hot flushes and sweats, symptoms include mood changes, memory loss, urogenital atrophy, reduced libido, sleep disturbances, joint pains, and muscle stiffness.1 These symptoms can be non-existent, or can last for a few years or even decades.Much of the negative publicity surrounding HRT stems from misinterpretation by the media of the findings from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) study,2 published more than a decade ago. Many women and healthcare professionals are still unnecessarily concerned about the perceived risks of HRT, resulting in a significant proportion of women currently being refused HRT and often being inappropriately offered antidepressants.There is clear evidence to support that, …

Effectiveness of transdermal oestradiol and natural micronised progesterone for menopausal symptoms