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We live in a globalised world with travel, population movements, and migration impacting virtually all countries. As a result, global infectious disease epidemiology is changing. Greater global mobility leads to the potential of importing, exporting, or spreading communicable diseases across regions, borders, and continents, potentially posing a health threat to the UK. The movement of animals, plants, and other goods across the globe, through international trade, also creates new public health challenges. London is a key transit hub for global air networks, and the number of passengers continues to grow. Heathrow is the world’s busiest airport in terms of international passenger traffic. With the open borders in the European Union, there is greater trans-border mobility in this region.In 2009, a novel influenza virus A (H1N1) was detected causing human illness in Mexico. Within 2 months, cases had spread to North America and 39 other countries. This highlights that infectious agents rarely remain localised and focal infectious diseases outbreaks have the ability to spread and pose global risks. Modern travel allows individuals to circumvent the globe in less than the incubation time of almost all infectious pathogens. Therefore, every country relies on the health surveillance, control, and reporting of other countries to recognise, report, and reduce the spread of diseases. A coordinated international effort has been set up by the World Health Organization for this particular role.Additionally, the increased accessibility of cheap travel makes it possible for many more nationalities to attend mass gatherings; for example, religious or sporting events such as the Olympics. This conglomeration of large numbers of individuals from around the world, confined in time and space, enhances the potential threat of outbreaks. Public health preparedness for these events requires meticulous planning, screening, surveillance, and response strategies to minimise these risks.Global health can be affected …

The new health threats of exotic and global travel