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Some patients who have undergone preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) following surgery have been diagnosed with late recurrence more than 5 years after treatment, raising questions about the possible benefit extending surveillance beyond the recommended 5 years. In 2011, a 71-year-old male patient was diagnosed with T3N+ low-lying rectal cancer located 3 cm from the anal verge before undergoing long-course preoperative CRT. After CRT, the patient was reexamined and diagnosed with ycT1–2N0 lesion, so local excision (LE) was performed. The patient underwent intensive surveillance for up to 5 years, and no evidence of recurrence was found. At 74 months after surgery, the patient was hospitalized for a hematochezia, and local recurrence at the excision site and peritoneal seeding nodules were identified. Considering the late recurrence in this patient, it might be necessary to long-term follow-up beyond 5 years in patients with preoperative CRT followed by LE.

Late Recurrence in a Rectal Cancer Patient Who Underwent Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Local Excision: A Case Report