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A Corollary Dishcarge Modulates Olfactory Function During Flight in Manduca sexta Phillip David Chapman Most sensory and motor networks have been relatively well characterized both anatomically and physiologically. However, the complex and ongoing interplay between motor network function (and the behavior it produces), and sensory network function is not well understood. We focused on showing that a pair of mesothoracic to deutocerebral histaminergic (MDH) neurons provide a wing-motor to olfactory corollary discharge (CD) that aids flying moths in detecting and discriminating odors possibly to enhance plume tracking behavior in insects that face difficult olfactory challenges. First, we performed axotomy experiments combined with immunohistochemistry to demonstrate that the MDHns are the sole source of histamine in the olfactory system. Next, by labeling for histamine receptors across larval (caterpillar) stages of development, we determined that histamine receptors aren’t expressed until adulthood (Bradley et. al., 2016), the stage at which they acquire the ability to fly, suggesting that these neurons may be providing flight (wing beating) related information. Using comparative neuroanatomy, we demonstrated that these neurons only project to primary olfactory networks in species that were both night flying and plume tracking (Chapman et. al., 2017). Furthermore, only true moths and caddisflies (not butterflies) possess the histaminergic circuit to the olfactory system suggesting that because butterflies have a vastly different behavioral ecology they don’t require flight modulated olfaction. By performing simultaneous electrophysiological recordings of MDHn and flight motor activity, we established that MDHn activity was indeed correlated to flight motor output on relatively short(i.e. +/50 ms) and long (i.e. seconds) timescales but interestingly, there was no correlation at timescales that would indicate a precise motor copy (i.e. +/5ms). Furthermore, blocking histamine receptor function in the olfactory system reduced the discriminability of odors (Chapman et. al., 2018). Together, these results establish the MDHns as an olfactory CD circuit that informs the primary olfactory network of the general state of the wing motor output presumably during plume tracking.

A CORROLLARY DISCHARGE CIRCUIT MODULATES OLFACTORY FUNCTION DURING FLIGHT IN MANDUCA SEXTA