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Understanding	  Cliff	  Use	  at	  the	  New	  River	  Gorge	  National	  River:	  	  Combining	  Visitor Observations	  and	  Resource	  Impact	  Assessments D.	  Kyle	  Olcott The	  New	  River	  Gorge	  National	  River	  (NERI)	  is	  managed	  by	  the	  National	  Park	  Service (NPS).	  	  In	  addition	  to	  being	  an	  extremely	  popular	  destination	  for	  whitewater	  rafting,	  it	  is also	  home	  to	  world	  class	  rock	  climbing	  and	  an	  extensive	  array	  of	  cliffs	  offering	  over	  2400 routes.	  	  This	  thesis	  is	  part	  of	  a	  larger	  study	  of	  the	  cliffs	  at	  NERI,	  funded	  by	  the	  NPS	  and encompassing	  botanic	  and	  geologic	  components	  in	  addition	  to	  the	  recreation	  management component.	  	  By	  combining	  unobtrusive	  visitor	  observation	  methods	  with	  GPS	  mapping	  and rapid	  assessment	  of	  nearly	  450	  areas	  of	  impact,	  a	  few	  key	  management	  recommendations are	  made	  for	  NERI.	  	  Climbing	  routes	  closer	  to	  fixed	  top	  anchor	  points	  had	  a	  significantly skewed	  distribution	  toward	  more	  severe	  impact	  ratings.	  	  Climbers	  and	  hikers	  were	  found to	  have	  a	  significantly	  different	  length	  of	  stay,	  but	  no	  significant	  differences	  were	  found	  in number	  of	  depreciative	  behaviors	  or	  group	  size.	  	  The	  types	  of	  depreciative	  behaviors	  were different	  between	  both	  groups,	  and	  also	  different	  among	  different	  types	  of	  climbers. Potential	  management	  implications	  are	  discussed,	  and	  include	  suggestions	  to	  restrict	  the number	  and	  locations	  of	  fixed	  top	  anchors	  and	  bolted	  anchors	  in	  general,	  place	  limitations on	  areas	  where	  top-­‐rope	  climbing	  and	  rappelling	  are	  allowed,	  as	  well	  as	  a	  “no	  top	  out” policy	  and	  a	  restriction	  on	  anchoring	  to	  trees.

Understanding cliff use at the New River Gorge National River: combining visitor observations and resource impact assessments