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A study was conducted to evaluate and correct possible inaccuracies in in-use emissions measurements, which were made with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS). West Virginia University developed a PEMS termed the Mobile Emissions Measurement System (MEMS) for measurement of heavy duty on road diesel emissions and reporting them in brake specific units (g/bhp-hr). In particular, the study focused on inaccuracies in the engine Electronic Control Unit (ECU) broadcast data logged by the Dearborn Protocol Adapter (DPA) and the Data Link Monitor (DLM) software. Data for this study were collected both in the West Virginia University’s Engine Emission Research Laboratory with engines running FTP cycles on a dynamometer, and during actual on-road tests conducted with the MEMS. The dynamometer test data show substantial and consistent inaccuracies of time stamps associated with the messages acquired with the USB DPA adapters while the DPA adapters with serial communication proved to be accurate. These time stamp inaccuracies associated with the USB DPA adapters result in erroneous evaluation of brake specific on-road emissions due to misalignment between the emission data and the power values acquired from the ECU. This time stamp error results in the USB DPA/DLM collected data file to be shorter, in terms of time, than the actual test. However, this time “shrinkage” can be readily corrected by linearly stretching the time array associated with the DLM collected data. The factor for the correcting stretch can be determined by aligning and matching the erroneous data with some independent but relevant measurement, such as CO2 mass emissions rate. This method for correcting ECU data reduced the average error in brake specific emissions from 6.24 percent to 0.13 percent, when compared to brake specific emissions reduced with serial DPA/DLM data. iii Acknowledgements I would like express my appreciation to all who helped me to move along my educational journey. First of all, I would like to thank Dr. Mridul Gautam who convinced me to pursue Masters Degree, funded my studies during that time and was my advisor and the chair of my committee. I would like to thank also my other committee members, Dr. Gregory Thompson for suggesting this study and assisting with it, and Dr. Benjamin Shade, who answered for me numerous questions and helped me with assembly of this work. There are countless people that helped me during my graduate work who I want to thank for doing that. I would like to thank to all the faculty, staff members and fellow students working at EERC and Mobile Lab as you all helped me with something at one time or another. I would like to particularly thank Dan Carder who helped me more times than he would even want to remember. Also, thanks to Ron Jarrett, Tom McConnell, Josh Flaugher, Robin Ames and Michelangelo Ardanese, who helped me with acquiring data for my work. At last, not least, I would like to thank Raffaello Ardanese for writing the program that was used for this study. iv Table of

Study of an error in engine ECU data collected for in-use emissions testing and development and evaluation of a corrective procedure