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The Eifelian of eastern North America has produced a substantial number of fish taxa, mostly from the Onondaga limestone of New York and the Columbus and Delaware limestones of Ohio. Fish specimens in rock matrix from the Buffalo Science Museum and the Cleveland Museum of Natural History were compared to rock samples taken from quarries in Cheektowaga, New York and Warrensburg, Ohio, in order to determine the units from which the fish originally came. This method allowed reasonable inference of the provenance of the museum specimens. The seas of New York and Ohio were deepening throughout the Eifelian, terminating in dark shale beds. The units of both areas are characterized by a series of aggradations and flooding events. Of the 41 taxa of fish originally found in the two museums, only nine are considered valid herein. Macropetalichthys sullivanti was a benthic dweller that was found in the deeper units of the upper Moorehouse, Seneca and Delaware as well as the shallower units of the upper Columbus. M. rapheidolabis is considered a junior synonym of M. sullivanti. Palaeomylus and Ptyctodus were both crushing fishes that probably stayed near the bottom of the sea. Ptyctodus was found only in the upper Moorehouse, but Palaeomylus was found in the upper Columbus, Delaware and the upper Moorehouse. Rhynchodus was found in the same units but was a shearing predator. Deinodus bennetti was a common element of the upper Moorehouse and was probably a ptyctodont. Little can be theorized about its feeding strategy because all of the dental elements studied were imbedded in matrix. Deinodus ohioensis n. sp., a shallow water fish very similar to D. bennetti is described. Onychodus and Machaeracanthus were large, mobile predators that moved in and out of deeper waters into the shallows to feed. Both possesses large tooth whorls and elongate jaws. Machaeracanthus is placed in the Ischnacanthidae based on these whorls and Machaeracanthus major is considered a junior synonym of M. peracutus.

Taxonomic revision and paleoecology of Middle Devonian (Eifelian) fishes of the Onondaga, Columbus and Delaware limestones of the eastern United States