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In questions related to the housing of orphaned children, priority is now given to family forms of living arrangements. However, this approach is not without controversy. Of particular importance are the impact of the loss of parental care on the well-being of a child residing in new family circumstances and, if the biological parents are living, the impact of the presence or absence of contact with them. The search for answers to these questions is the subject of this study. The study was carried out using structured interview technique, which included the Family APGAR scale, allowing the children under care to assess well-being of the family relationships they were currently a part of. The study involved 150 children aged 7 to 17, including 48 children under the care of their grandmothers and 102 children unrelated to their guardians by blood. Analysis of the results was carried out using criteria and variance analysis techniques. The results of the study showed that the influence the circumstances in which the child lost parental care have on their assessment of family relations varies depending on the form of guardianship. In kinship guardianship, children assess family relationships as more successful in cases where guardianship was preceded by the death of parents and give significantly lower estimates of family well-being in cases where their biological parents are alive. Children who are not related to their foster parents, on the contrary, characterise their family situation in the foster family as more successful in cases where their biological parents are alive, but have either been deprived of parental rights or abandoned them. Where the reason for the loss of parental care was parents’ death, children give a significantly lower assessment to the development of their relationship with the new family. Furthermore, fostered children whose biological parents are alive assess the relationship with caregivers significantly lower when contact with biological parents is preserved, in comparison with children who do not maintain such contact, regardless of the form of care. Results are interpreted in the context of an analysis of differences in the life situation of children cared for by their relatives and non-relatives and family relations in such families.

Family well-being of children under foster care and their contact with biological parents: Is there a connection?