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Negative tendencies regarding the psychological health of subjects of the Russian education system that have been noted over the last few decades require searching for and introducing new techniques of psychological diagnostics and correction. In this regard, the attention of practicing psychologists is drawn again to psychodynamic approaches that had previously been subject to doubts as to their scientific value. The empirical-phenomenological validity of psychodynamic theories “founded” on the achievements of modern neuroscience, allows us to consider them as promising methodological foundations for a concept that is metapsychologically health-centered. Traditional psychoanalytic and analytical-psychological approaches to understanding the conditionality of psychological deviancy through the early symbiotic relationship, the desire to find the sources of development in the depths of the psyche, the examination of the relationship between consciousness and the unconscious, the analysis of the degree of integration and the formation of the value of identity, and the capacity for reflection and the testing of reality are all capable of arriving at the reassessment of numerous psychological and psychiatric phenomena as well as offering informative criteria of psychological health. The idea of two different and complementary levels of mental diagnosis that emerged in the school of object relations can be considered revolutionary. This is a level assessment of the development of personal organization (mental structure) and the analysis of the nature of the protective style of behaviour. The first dimension reflects the level of maturity/immaturity of the psyche and allows one to assess the level of psychological health or mental pathology (normal, neurotic, borderline, psychotic). The second involves personal character: relations to themselves, others and their activities. Traditionally used in the practice of analytical counselling and psychotherapy, but still virtually unknown to academic psychologists and teachers, psychodynamic criteria for assessing psychological and mental health include the following: the functioning of mechanisms of psychological defense, the degree of integration of identity and consolidation of the value system, the ability to test reality, the formation of the “observing” Ego, the nature of transfer and countertransference, and the character of inner conflict. In the paper, with an emphasis on the possibilities of using psychodynamic criteria for diagnosing the borderline organization of the psyche of the subjects of education we discuss the potential of descriptive, phenomenological and dimensional evaluation. The authors analyses the dynamics of mental health status (consolidation of value) of boys in the process of socio-psychological adaptation to the conditions the sub-extreme educational environment of a military institution of higher education.

A psychodynamic approach to the assessment and correction of the psychological health of subjects of education