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The largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède, 1802) is a highly invasive freshwater species, and has a considerable impact on the diversity of indigenous aquatic organisms. We hypothesized that mature males released sex pheromones to attract mature females to their nests. To develop an effective method for controlling the population in a lake of northern Japan, we studied the efficacy of using bile collected from mature males with the bioactive function to attract mature females. A trap was devised to evaluate the attraction of sample solutions from males and to test practical uses of the pheromone. In the spawning season, when bile from reproductive males (RB) was introduced into the traps, female catches in the trap were significantly higher than when bile from non-reproductive males (NRB) or controls were used. In the non-spawning season, the female largemouth bass did not show any preference for RB. Other fish species did not show any preference for RB in both the spawning and non-spawning season. This study shows that RB contains a sex pheromone that attracts mature females, suggesting that pheromone traps could possibly be used to control largemouth bass populations.

management of biological invasions

Bile from reproductively mature male largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides attracts conspecific females and offers a practical application to control populations